Metering, Protection & Control
In any #electrical system #power system, instrument #transformers forms part of main components in metering (reading instruments, recording #instruments, #tariff systems), #protection and #control system #applications.
Voltage and current are main electrical #analog quantities from which all other analog quantities are derived and used in various metering and protection applications (like ₺measurement of #frequency, #powerfactor, #active / #reactive power, #energy, and #protectiverelays which are based on voltage and current inputs).
Some quantities like frequency can be derived from either #current or #voltage in steady state condition (however for frequency measurement voltage is most commonly used since the required level of voltage is available almost always excluding during faults).
Almost all metering, protection and control devices are handled by the personnel and need human interactions. However, the voltage and current as it is in the electric system most of the time cannot be used for these applications due to the level of voltage and currents are much higher than the safe values and it is much easier to deal at low energy.
Accordingly, these devices are designed for lower Voltage and current levels which can be relatively made safe for qualified personnel in these industries (with or without #PPE). Voltage #transformers (VTs) and current transformers (CTs) are therefore used to transform the power system (called the #primary system) voltage and currents to the level required for these applications (called #secondary systems).
Some cases CTs and VTs are used just to provide #galvanic #isolation from one system to other (isolating transformers, input transformers etc).
Voltage Transformers
Voltage transformers (VTs) are also classified along with current transformers (CTs) as instrument transformers. These are shunt connected devices intended to reproduce secondary voltages in fixed proportion to the primary system voltage.
VTs contrast with power, #distribution and control transformers (which are also shunt devices) in having very small rated power compared with power, distribution, grounding and control transformers.
Main purpose of power, distribution and control transformers on one hand is to deliver power from one system to other system or systems with or without galvanic isolation between each system (e.g. an auto-transformer which may be power transformer transforms power from one system to other without galvanic isolation).
Main purpose of a VT is to produce replica of a system voltage which can be used in metering and relaying systems maintain required accuracy over range of voltage.
Two types of voltage transformers are most commonly used in metering, protection and control systems are measuring (metering) voltage transformers and protective (relaying) voltage transformers.